|
چکیده
|
This paper considers modalities and mechanisms through which SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) could forge horizontal links between them and vertical linkages with larger manufacturing and service industries for increased market access, enhanced investment flows, skills development and technological advancements. As a consequence, it is not a question of the positioning of the firms on a single upgrading ladder, but more accurately it is different upgrading ladders that have been climbed in each firm. There is no single pattern for all of them. According to Sengenberger and Pyke (1992: 11)'. 'the main problem for small enterprises is not being small, but being lonely". The focus of this study is the entrepreneur's relationships with the external environment
|