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چکیده
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This paper presents a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading model in micro-grids that considers distributed solar photovoltaic systems (SPVs) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) by the TLBO Algorithm. It aims to minimize customer costs and increase profit by optimizing charging, purchasing, and selling decisions. For this purpose, two scenarios are studied. In the first scenario, the primary energy system includes SPVs, loads, and BESS to optimize the charge/discharge of the energy storage systems. In the second scenario, it is assumed that in addition to the SPVs, loads, and BESS, a neighbouring fossil fuel-fired micro-grid is connected to the primary energy systems, allowing peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading with it. According to the results, trading in the second scenarios on a winter day lead to 14.53 $ per day, compared to the first scenario with 11.53 $. In addition, the neighbouring fossil fuel-fired micro-grid in the second scenario, which has created the possibility of energy exchange between micro-grids, has led to an increase of about 21% in the profit of the primary power grid. Based on the results, this approach seemed to be helpful for micro-grid operators to make the most economical decisions
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