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چکیده
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The Pirmardan Cu deposit, located in the Torud Mountain of the northeastern TCS belt, SW Shahroud, Iran, was discovered in 2016 by Organization of Industry, Mining and Trade of Semnan Province. The Pirmardan deposit contains at least 0.3 Mt of Cu metal with Cu average grades of 2.0%. Previous studies have focused on geological setting, whole-rock geochemistry, and petrochronology of the volcanic/subvolcanic rocks in the TCS belt. Nevertheless, the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Pirmardan Cu deposit still remains in question, therefore, a detailed study is essential for its genetic aspects, and can provide more clues to further prospect copper deposits in the TCS belt. More than 30 major Manto-type copper deposits and several copper occurrences ranging in age from Cretaceous to Eocene have been identified to date in the Iran. The majority of the deposits are being actively explored. Although Manto-type Cu–(Ag) deposits have been widely studied, genetic models remain controversial. For example, in the Chilean Manto-type deposits, mineralization is structurally controlled by veins, whereas, in the Iranian Manto-type deposits, there is a reasonable stratigraphic control on the copper precipitation. Also, syngenetic against epigenetic mineralization styles have been discussed. Numerous Mesozoic Manto-type Cu–(Ag) deposit is reported around the Pacific Rim Belt, which at relatively high grades (up to 8 wt% Cu) are historically the third source of Chilean copper production after porphyry copper and oxide copper–gold (IOCG) deposits. Recently, this type of deposit has also been defined in several places of the world, specially within Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic Belt (Tethyan collage) (e.g., the Mari, Kuh-e Jarou, and Abbas Abad deposits in Iran and the Dongxiang deposit in South China). After detailed geological investigation and geochemical analysis focused on the copper mineralization, this study further constrains: (1) the petrogenesis and evolution of t
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