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چکیده
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Background Salvia officinalis L. (sage) is a herbal medicine that is reported to have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Objective To examine the effect of a hydroethanolic extract of S. officinalis (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, via intraperitoneal injection) on morphine-induced memory impairment in rats. Methods Sixty-four rats were divided into eight equal groups: normal saline, morphine (5 mg/kg), S. officinalis extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), or morphine (5 mg/kg) plus S. officinalis extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). Rats were placed into a two-way shuttle box, comprising an illuminated and dark compartment, 45 min after treatment (training phase). Rats received an electric shock whenever they entered the dark compartment. Twenty-four hours later (retention phase), and 30 min after treatment, the rats were placed in the box again, and the latency of entering the dark compartment [step-through latency (STL)] and the total time in the dark compartment (TDC) were recorded. Results The STL in the morphine-treated group was lower than the saline control (P<0.001). Treatment of the animals with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of S. officinalis extract before the training phase increased the STL and decreased the TDC (P<0.05, P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). Administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of the extract in morphine-treated animals before the retention phase also increased the STL and decreased the TDC when compared with the morphine-treated group (P<0.01 and P<0.001).
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