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Abstract
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The low conductivity property of conducting poly(para-nitroaniline) (PPNAn) generates a problem for their energy storage applications. Thus, their nanocomposite formation with metal organic framework (MOF) or carbon active materials such as MXene can overcome the drawbacks of polymer constituents. Despite the poor conductivity of PPNAn, due to its high inherent porosity, it can be used as a framework or template for the fabrication of conductive nanocomposites. The synergistic effect of polymer's high surface area and porosity besides the electrochemical activity of redox species of the NiCo-MOF and MXene's electrochemical double layer (EDLC) could improve the electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor. Herein, an efficient supercapacitor electrode material of new PPNAn/NiCo-MOF/MXene ternary nanocomposite was fabricated for symmetric and asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor devices. The fabricated electrode materials were characterized by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, BET, and BJH analyses. The results confirmed the successful synthesis of a ternary nanocomposite electrode and the presence of three distinct phases, including PPNAn, NiCo-MOF, and MXene. Using two and three-electrode setups, the electrochemical study of the nanocomposite electrode was performed. The presence of MXene nanoparticles, as well as NiCo-MOF in polymer nanocomposite, significantly increased the conductivity of PPNAn, such that the superior electrode in three electrode setups had a specific capacitance (CS) of 528 F g 1 at 5.0 A g 1, which shows an approximately 13-fold improvement over the pure polymer. The asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor (ASHSC) of MXene//PPNAn/NiCo-MOF/MXene and a symmetric hybrid supercapacitor (SHSC) device of PPNAn/NiCo-MOF/MXene//PPNAn/NiCo-MOF/MXene were fabricated and characterized by electrochemical methods. The ASHSC device offered a CS of 123.3 F g 1, an energy density (Es) of 38.5 Wh kg 1, a power density (Ps) of 3750.0 W kg 1 at 5.0 A g 1 with the retention capacitance of 90.1 % after 10,000 cycles. The SHSC device provided a CS of 100.0 F g 1, an Es of 27.2 Wh kg 1, and Ps of 3500.0 W kg 1 at 5.0 A g 1 with 94.9 % retention of Cs after 10,000 cycles.
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