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Abstract
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Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the common diseases with a parasitic origin and relatively high prevalence in endemic areas. So far, no effective prevention methods have been introduced for this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity caused by macrophages exposed to Leishmania passage one parasite in-vivo, the results of this study can be used to design a vaccine based on the virulence reduction strain. Methods: Passage of a standard strain of Leishmania major parasite was injected into BALB\c female mice aged 6-8 weeks, after wounding on days (1, 15, 30, 45), phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal cavity macrophages infected with passage one parasite, were examined by NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Test) and the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory genes TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL- 10, IL-17, IL-4, IL-1α, AIRE, TNF-α, IL-12P40, IL-12p35 were evaluated before and after ingestion. Result: The lesion of infected mice did not heal until the end of the period and phagocytosis rate was different in mice infected with passage one parasite, this difference was not significant p˂0.05. IL-10, AIRE, TGF-β, and TNF-α genes were expressed in macrophages exposed to passage one parasite. Conclusion: Considering the lack of change in the amount of phagocytosis during the infection, the increase in the expression pattern of immune response modulating genes in infected mice, the deterioration of the skin wounds was clearly evident could be due to the insufficiency of the immune responses via more activity of Th2 in passage 1 of the parasite infection.
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