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Abstract
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Eggshell as a solid waste was loaded on a nano-Fe3O4 surface. Then, in one step, it (Fe3O4@eggshell) was converted to Fe3O4@Ca3(PO4)2 as a nano-magnetic, green, cheap, and environmentally friendly catalyst. Techniques such as FT-IR, VSM, FESEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, and TGA were used to characterize the as-synthesized catalyst. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@Ca3(PO4)2 was evaluated in the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives through a one-pot multicomponent reaction. The design of the experiment as a systematic statistical approach was used to obtain the optimum point of the reaction condition so that 0.05 g of the as-synthesized catalyst and 94.77 °C were the best condition (which provides 90% yield for the benchmark reaction). Then, 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives in the optimum condition were synthesized with very low reaction times in good yields. The as-prepared catalyst was retrieved through a magnet and used several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
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