n this study, two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Pishgam (drought-tolerant) and Shahryar (drought-sensitive), were grown in the greenhouse under control and moisture stress conditions. Based on phenological and morpho-physiological results, Pishgam was confirmed as a moisture stress tolerant cultivar. In the fallowing, at the start of heading time, its treated and untreated flag leaves were sampled for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) based on proteomics approach. Among approximately 263 protein spots appearing in two-dimensional gels, 23 and 10 protein spots were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Among these differentially expressed proteins, 11 proteins with more differences were identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS which allocated to six functional protein groups involved in photosynthesis or respiration, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, chaperon, lipid metabolism and unknown function. We report this for the first time that chloroplastic acyl carrier protein synthase I and chloroplastic 20 kDa chaperonin proteins were significantly changed in wheat in response to moisture stress.
