Today, due to the progress of manufacturing industries, the increase of physical limitations, and the growing needs of customers, many of the traditional supply chains cannot trade and compete at international levels. Therefore, in this article, a virtual closed-loop supply chain has been designed using the secondary market and the Internet of Things (IoT) to overcome limitations. Because products are returned in this network, a secondary market approach has been used for returned products. By utilizing RFID tags, it becomes possible to identify and track each product to use their changeable or repairable pieces and parts after disassembling to manufacture some products with different prices and qualities for the secondary market. Hence, few pieces are expected to be destroyed, and less environmental damage will occur while costs will be reduced. The objective functions of the model are total profit maximization, system reliability in the face of power and internet disruptions maximization, and data registration and processing speed maximization by reducing latency. Numerical examples and parameter sensitivity analysis are solved using the LP-Metrics method and within large dimensions using three NSGA-II, SPEA2, and MOEA/D algorithms. The efficiency of these algorithms is evaluated based on five indicators. Statistical analyses indicate that these algorithms are not significantly different in terms of four indicators at a significance level of 5%. In contrast, the MOEA/D algorithm is different from the other algorithms regarding the NPS index.
