A B S T R A C T Brucellosis is an infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects ruminants and humans and its detection is still a significant challenge in particular, in developing countries. At present, methods used to diagnose brucellosis consist of microbiological, biochemical, immunological, and molecular techniques which may be timeconsuming, laborious, expensive, and dependent on special equipment, while they may not be suitable for onsite miniaturized detection. Thus, development of novel methods with the ability to characterize Brucella spp with minimal equipment is invaluable and beneficial in rapid and easy detection of these pathogenic bacteria especially in basic laboratories or even at the farm fields. The nanotechnology-based approaches have successfully been recruited to promote such diagnosis procedures. Nano biosensors are therefore, one of those promising solutions in this case. These sensors are efficient tools with diverse biological applications which can identify target bacterial cells with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. In this context, new nanobiosensors developed based on various nanoparticles for rapid detection of Brucella spp have been discussed.
