The compounds which have lead are widely used in industries in the world. The toxic effects of this material were studied in many of organs. Medicinal plants have protective effects in body tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of Pelargonium graveolens leaf extract (PLE) on spermatogenesis in male rat were induced with lead acetate. The 42 male rats with 220-250 gr body weight were divided randomly in 6 groups(n=7): control (taking normal saline,0.5ml/day, gavage ), positive control (taking lead acetate, 500 ppm in tap water), treated groups: (1, 250mg/Kg PLE and 2, 500mg/Kg PLE, gavage), and groups which induced with lead acetate(500 ppm in tap water) and treated by MLP (250mg/Kg and 500mg/Kg). After the examination the blood samples were collected from heart directly and testosterone, FSH, LH, sperm count, sperm motility and GSI were analyzed and the microscopic studies of testes tissue were done. All data were expressed as mean±SEM. and statistical significance differences were accepted at P<0.05. Our results showed that the lead acetate has necrotic effect in testes tissue. The testosterone,FSH and LH hormones increased in treated groups compared with group induced with lead acetate significantly (P<0.001). The number of sperm and motility were increased and microscopic study of testes tissue showed decreased significantly in inflammation and necrosis in testes compared with lead acetate induced group (P<0.001).The Pelargonium graveolens hydroethanolic extract has antioxidant and flavonoids compounds which can to protect the testes tissues from toxic chemical agents. Also this extract has stimulation effects on hypothalamic-pituitary axi
