Cephalaria cilodaghensis is described and illustrated as a new species from Hakkari in eastern Turkey. Cephalaria cilodaghensis is a locally endemic species, known only from the type collection and classifiable as critically endangered. Cephalaria cilodaghensis is closely related to C. hakkiarica. The diagnostic morphological characters that distinguish these species are discussed. We designated or reconfirmed the typification for four taxa of Cephalaria based on the herbarium materials at G, G-BOIS, K, W and their related literature. Furthermore, C. speciosa is reported for the first time from northwest Iran.
