The authors revise the material associated with Scrophularia farinosa Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae) and its synonyms according to “Flora Iranica”. Two distinct taxa emerge, which differ in terms of morphology, anatomy, distribution and ecology and both deserve recognition at species level. Scrophularia longiflora Benth. is an earlier synonym of Scrophularia farinosa, and is reinstated as the valid name for this species based on priority principle. Scrophularia nana Stiefelh. which was synonymized with Scrophularia farinosa, is resurrected as a separated species. We provide a key to differentiate between the two species as well as detailed descriptions with illustrations and a distribution map. Additionally, lectotypes are designated for Scrophularia farinosa and Scrophularia nana.
