Reliable and efficient strategies for plant regeneration are the prerequisites for reproducible and successful propagation, conservation, gene transfer and enhanced secondary metabolite production in vitro. In this respect, treatments with nanoparticles (NPs) studied in recent years have successfully eliminated microbial contaminants from explants, with a parallel positive impact on callus proliferation, but also on the induction of organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, somaclonal variation, in vitro conservation, genetic transformation, and secondary metabolite production.
