EMME: Environmental Management in the Middle East: Spatial Approaches The Middle East region faces several environmental challenges. The annual cost of environmental degration e.g., in Iran is currently at US$8.4 billion (equal to 7.4% of GDP), and keeps increasing. The negative influences of environmental issues on the health and lives of people are undeniable. Climate change, misuse of environmental resources (e.g., overuse of groundwater) and environmental interventions (e.g., dam construction without proper environmental impact assessment) are important challenges that need solutions. Furthermore, the deteriorating situation for fresh water, sanitation and waste treatment, and the effects on health and food security, are increasing the demand for international aid to the region. Spatial Data Infrastructures and underlying Technologies (SDI-T), including Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS), have proven to be crucial for environmental management (EM) (2). RS, mainly through satellite images, can be used to monitor environmental changes like land degradation and water levels. GIS can be used to model trends, identify hotspots, analyze and simulate measures to protect the environment and mitigate the effects of crisis. An SDI is required to overcome the technical and conceptual barriers in sharing heterogeneous spatial data to support collaborative decision making. Different sources of data, GIS software components, spatial DB, and analysis tools, can be combined in an SDI to provide integrated environmental modelling for the Middle East. Although SDI-T has proven to be a very useful tool to improve environmental management, it is not still used by the authorities in the Middle East, largely because of lack of capacity and knowledge. This project is an EU funded Erasmus+ international project between six European Universities, three universities in Iran (including Bu-Ali Sina University) and two universities in Yemen.
