Leishmania , which is a zoenose disease, can be found in various areas in the world such as Iran. This disease exposes itself with symptoms such as skin lesions, visceral and mucocutaneous. Pentavalent antimonials are still the first choice among drugs used for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Alternatively, amphotericin B, pentamidine, miltefosine and paromomycin can be used.Regarding the complications of standard cutaneous leishmaniasis drugs,in recent years, various therapeutic approaches have been under investigation.In these cases, can be noted: as well as recent advances from research on plants and synthetic compounds as source drugs for treating the disease. Researches conducted on these plants have shown that garlic, shallots, wormwood, yarrow, walnuts, thyme, henna plant, mimosa, aloe, wood betony, medlar, periwinkle, yeah, savory, black beans, etc. are effective on cutaneous leishmania.New strategies for immunological treatment includeusingof either IL-12 or anti-TGF-b therapy on the immune response and course of disease in chronically infected CB6F1 mice. Local treatment with IL-12 inoculated into the parasitized lesion at 4 wk of infection induced a marked increase in IFN-у production but did not result in a significant reduction in numbers of parasite or promote more rapid healing. However, local treatment with an Ab to TGF-b led to both a decrease in parasite numbers and more rapid healing, despite the fact that such treatment did not significantly alter the pattern of IL-4 and IFN-g production.However,given the importance of this disease;this complication requires more investigation.
