Background and aim: The NLRP3 inflammasome, a key component of the innate immune response, is essential in activating inflammatory responses and the regulation of cytokine release. In dendritic cells (DCs), the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in sensing cellular stress and promoting inflammation. Its dysregulation is associated with various pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in DCs offers a potential therapeutic approach to treat these diseases. Methods: This study is a review study by searching scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Embase from 2016 to 2024 by using the keywords NLRP3, dendritic cells, autoimmune diseases, cancer, infection, 57 articles related to inclusion criteria were extracted and then analyzed. Results: Researches indicate that NLRP3 activation in dendritic cells promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18 as, factor related to chronic inflammation in autoimmune diseases, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis in cancer. Additionally, certain infectious pathogens exploit the NLRP3 pathway to enhance their survival and replication. Therapeutic approach such as specific NLRP3 inhibitors, showed that effective in reducing inflammation in autoimmune disorders and inhibition of tumor progression in cancer models Conclusion: Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells represents a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious conditions. Further research is needed to optimize these treatments for therapeutic approach. NLRP3 modulators could offer new and, effective therapies to control chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation due to diverse pathological conditions.
