t Montmorillonite (MMt) clay mineral is one of the most available and affordable nature-inspired materials in the worldwide which is a member of the layered silicate family. In addition to the reasonably priced and abundance of MMt in the nature, its mechanical and thermal stability and fire resistance features make it as a high promising compound for large-scale utilization. These features together with porous structure and great surface area can improve the performance of composite materials which are synthesized for the different environmental applications such as removal of dyes by the photocatalytic, adsorption, and degradation methods. To overcome the challenge of water remediation and removal of dyes, the design and fabrication of (nano)composites involving the various effective compounds, namely hybrid materials with symmetrical two-/three-dimensional structures, single molecular weight, adjustable size, presence of many cavities, high biocompatibility, and low toxicity, have been more interested in research works. Modified MMt or MMt-based (nano)composites provide more active sites, higher surface energy, high porosity, and stronger physical properties for the removal of dye applications. This chapter deals with the identification and qualification of MMt material modified with various polymers and monomers as hybrid/hydrogel (nano)composites for cationic and anionic textile dyes’ removal approaches.
