In this study, composite coatings of TiO2/Fe3+ were developed by incorporating Fe(NO3)3 into TiO2-based coatings, produced via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on unalloyed titanium. The ability of these coatings to photodegrade methylene blue (MB) under visible light was investigated. The morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties of the PEO coatings were characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance
