The increasing advancement in the micro/nanofabrication process has made it possible and facile to miniaturize expensive complex benchtop instruments to create instruments as small as regular cellphones with the ability to perform experiments in the field without special training. The electrochemical biosensors can be miniaturized to portable bioelectrochemical devices (PBDs) at relatively low costs. These PBDs are usually utilized for point-of-care analysis with features such as short analysis time, simple operation, and wide accessibility due to their low production costs. However, there are two challenges when fabricating PBDs: the compatibility of biomarkers and microchip, and the small size of the microchip compared to a conventional electrochemical cell. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide fundamental information on design, cell configurations, and communications which are essential for success in the construction of PBDs. Also, this chapter has discussed advanced concepts such as implantable and wearable PBDs.
